Institutional obstacles to African economic development: State, ethnicity, and custom

Institutional obstacles to African economic development: State, ethnicity, and custom

To account for the African growth tragedy and, in particular, for its causes rooted in governance problems, the institutional legacy that African countries inherited from pre-colonial and colonial timesmust be considered. Three aspects are examined here. First, the relationship between ethnicity and state performance is bi-directional: if strong ethno-regional identities prevent the emergence o...

Institutional Obstacles to Entrepreneurship

socio-economic development, ethnicity and political participation

the present paper subject is analysis of socioeconomic and cultural issues affecting electoral participation in turks, kurds and baluch. the theoretical framework of the study based on lipset and huntington's approach to analyzing the impact of economic development on democratization and the recent opinion of the thinkers, such as almond and verba and jill on the effect of culture on democ...

Institutional Divergence in Economic Development

The Economic Reach of the State: African Development Reconsidered

Divergence in relative productivity levels and living standards is the dominant feature of modern economic history. In the last century, incomes in the "less developed" (or euphemistically, the "developing") countries have fallen far behind those in the "developed" countries, both proportionately and absolutely. I estimate that from 1870 to 1990 the ratio of per capita incomes between the riche...